Sekitar 6.000 orang
bukan perokok didiagnosis kanker paru setiap tahunnya. Sebagian besar adalah kaum wanita dan
wanita Asia beresiko paling tinggi.
Saco-
Indonesia.com - Sekitar 6.000 orang bukan perokok didiagnosis kanker paru setiap
tahunnya. Sebagian besar adalah kaum wanita dan wanita Asia beresiko paling tinggi.
Meski kemungkinan seorang bukan perokok untuk terkena kanker paru lebih kecil dibanding
perokok, tetapi data di Inggris menunjukkan 41.500 kasus baru kanker payudara ditemukan setiap
tahunnya. Sekitar 14 persen, atau 6.000 kasus tidak terkait dengan kebiasaan merokok.
Kebanyakan pasien kanker paru yang bukan perokok adalah kaum wanita. "Secara
anekdoktal, kami melihat makin banyak pasien wanita yang tak pernah merokok tapi terdiagnosis
kanker paru, dibandingkan dengan 10 tahun lalu," kata Dr.Michael Beckles, konsultan
respiratori dari Royal Free Hospital.
Apa yang menyebabkan kondisi tersebut
belum sepenuhnya diketahui. Tetapi para ilmuwan menduga ada kaitannya dengan faktor genetik yang
dikombinasikan dengan paparan zat-zat pemicu kanker, misalnya asbestos, gas radon, bahan
pelarut, asap buangan mesin diesel, hingga asap rokok orang lain.
Faktor
risiko lain adalah terapi radiasi ke dada untuk penyakit lain seperti kanker payudara atau
limfoma. Bisa juga dari luka paru-paru yang berasal dari kondisi medis sebelumnya.
Menurut Deputi British Lung Foundation, Stephen Spiro, kanker paru-paru selalu dihubungkan
dengan merokok. Padahal sebelum kebiasaan merokok menyebar pada awal abad 20, penyakit ini
kerap menimpa wanita bukan perokok.
Orang yang tidak merokok biasanya
menderita adenokarsinoma atau sel kanker paru tidak kecil. Kondisi ini terjadi di kelenjar yang
memproduksi lendir pada jalan masuk udara ke paru-paru.
Mereka yang tekena
kanker adenokarsinoma ini juga mengalami kesalahan gentik pada protein di permukaan sel yang
memicu pertumbuhan sel.
Kabar baiknya adalah pasien yang terdiagnosis jenis
kanker paru tersebut bisa mendapatkan manfaat positif dari obat-obatan kanker terbaru, misalnya
gefitinib. Obat ini memperlambat keganasan penyakit tanpa adanya efek samping seperti
kemoterapi.
Sementara itu, beberapa penelitian masih berlangsung untuk
mengenali apa penyebab kanker paru pada bukan perokok. Tetapi mencari dana untuk penelitian ini
juga tak mudah karena kanker paru sering dianggap sebagai penyakit yang dicari sendiri oleh
perokok.
Diagnosa dini memang berperan besar dalam kesembuhan kanker, tetapi
dalam kasus penyakit paru ini bukan hal yang mudah.
"Masalahnya paru
tidak memiliki ambang sakit sehingga tak akan memberi peringatan jika ada sesuatu yang salah.
Tidak ada gejala kanker paru yang spesifik dan sulit menentukan apakah batuk atau sesak napas
yang diderita karena kanker atau bukan," kata Spiro.
Ia menambahkan,
yang memprihatinkan adalah saat batuk membandel tak kunjung sembuh, penyakitnya mungkin sudah
ganas. "Pada 70 persen pasien yang berobat ke dokter, penyakitnya sudah berkembang
serius," katanya.
Pemeriksaan standar seperti rontgen paru pun
terkadang tak mampu menemukan sel-sel kanker. "Rontgen paru punya kelemahan karena dua
dimensi. Sehingga ada area tertentu, misalnya di belakang jantung, yang tak terlihat,"
katanya.
Meski begitu pemeriksaan pendukung dengan CT-scan biasanya cukup
membantu. Karena itu sebaiknya lakukan pemeriksaan jika batuk tidak sembuh lebih dari tiga
minggu atau ada penurunan berat badan tanpa sebab.
ESPARGARO TELAH MENGINGINKAN PERANGKAT MOTOR LORENZO
saco-indonesia.com, Debutan Monster Yamaha Tech 3, Pol Espargaro telah mengaku berharap akan bisa mendapatkan perangkat motor ya
saco-indonesia.com, Debutan Monster Yamaha Tech 3, Pol Espargaro telah mengaku berharap akan bisa mendapatkan perangkat motor yang mirip dengan milik Jorge Lorenzo di dalam uji coba pramusim Malaysia, 4-6 Februari nanti.
Dalam debutnya di atas YZR-M1 di dalam uji coba pascamusim Valencia, Spanyol lalu, Espargaro tampil cukup baik. Meski begitu, ia juga mengaku kesulitan dalam mempelajari perangkat elektronik, rem karbon dan ban Bridgestone yang tak ia jamah saat di Moto2.
"Ada banyak perangkat yang belum bisa saya jajal di uji coba Valencia lalu," ujarnya. "Mempersiapkan perangkat elektronik juga sangat sulit dan saya ingin mencoba mempelajari ban dan rem karbon. Hal-hal ini juga sangat baru bagi saya, jadi saya sudah tak sabar untuk menanti uji coba Malaysia mendatang."
Espargaro pun juga berharap Yamaha mau memberikan perangkat yang mampu untuk membantunya tampil baik di Malaysia nanti. "Saya tak tahu apakah akan mendapat perangkat baru di Malaysia nanti. Jika mendapatkannya, maka perangkat itu akan mirip dengan perangkat Jorge. Hal ini jelas baik, namun saya masih harus beradaptasi," pungkas Espargaro.
Editor : Dian Sukmawati
Ellen Turner Dies at 87; Opened Kitchen to Feed the Needy of Knoxville
Ms. Turner and her twin sister founded the Love Kitchen in 1986 in a church basement in Knoxville, Tenn., and it continues to provide clothing and meals.
Advertisement Politics Obama Finds a Bolder Voice on Race Issues
As he reflected on the festering wounds deepened by race and grievance that have been on painful display in America’s cities lately, President Obama on Monday found himself thinking about a young man he had just met named Malachi.
A few minutes before, in a closed-door round-table discussion at Lehman College in the Bronx, Mr. Obama had asked a group of black and Hispanic students from disadvantaged backgrounds what could be done to help them reach their goals. Several talked about counseling and guidance programs.
“Malachi, he just talked about — we should talk about love,” Mr. Obama told a crowd afterward, drifting away from his prepared remarks. “Because Malachi and I shared the fact that our dad wasn’t around and that sometimes we wondered why he wasn’t around and what had happened. But really, that’s what this comes down to is: Do we love these kids?”
Many presidents have governed during times of racial tension, but Mr. Obama is the first to see in the mirror a face that looks like those on the other side of history’s ledger. While his first term was consumed with the economy, war and health care, his second keeps coming back to the societal divide that was not bridged by his election. A president who eschewed focusing on race now seems to have found his voice again as he thinks about how to use his remaining time in office and beyond.
In the aftermath of racially charged unrest in places like Baltimore, Ferguson, Mo., and New York, Mr. Obama came to the Bronx on Monday for the announcement of a new nonprofit organization that is being spun off from his White House initiative called My Brother’s Keeper. Staked by more than $80 million in commitments from corporations and other donors, the new group, My Brother’s Keeper Alliance, will in effect provide the nucleus for Mr. Obama’s post-presidency, which will begin in January 2017.
“This will remain a mission for me and for Michelle not just for the rest of my presidency but for the rest of my life,” Mr. Obama said. “And the reason is simple,” he added. Referring to some of the youths he had just met, he said: “We see ourselves in these young men. I grew up without a dad. I grew up lost sometimes and adrift, not having a sense of a clear path. The only difference between me and a lot of other young men in this neighborhood and all across the country is that I grew up in an environment that was a little more forgiving.”
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Organizers said the new alliance already had financial pledges from companies like American Express, Deloitte, Discovery Communications and News Corporation. The money will be used to help companies address obstacles facing young black and Hispanic men, provide grants to programs for disadvantaged youths, and help communities aid their populations.
Joe Echevarria, a former chief executive of Deloitte, the accounting and consulting firm, will lead the alliance, and among those on its leadership team or advisory group are executives at PepsiCo, News Corporation, Sprint, BET and Prudential Group Insurance; former Secretary of State Colin L. Powell; Senator Cory Booker, Democrat of New Jersey; former Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr.; the music star John Legend; the retired athletes Alonzo Mourning, Jerome Bettis and Shaquille O’Neal; and the mayors of Indianapolis, Sacramento and Philadelphia.
The alliance, while nominally independent of the White House, may face some of the same questions confronting former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton as she begins another presidential campaign. Some of those donating to the alliance may have interests in government action, and skeptics may wonder whether they are trying to curry favor with the president by contributing.
“The Obama administration will have no role in deciding how donations are screened and what criteria they’ll set at the alliance for donor policies, because it’s an entirely separate entity,” Josh Earnest, the White House press secretary, told reporters on Air Force One en route to New York. But he added, “I’m confident that the members of the board are well aware of the president’s commitment to transparency.”
The alliance was in the works before the disturbances last week after the death of Freddie Gray, the black man who suffered fatal injuries while in police custody in Baltimore, but it reflected the evolution of Mr. Obama’s presidency. For him, in a way, it is coming back to issues that animated him as a young community organizer and politician. It was his own struggle with race and identity, captured in his youthful memoir, “Dreams From My Father,” that stood him apart from other presidential aspirants.
But that was a side of him that he kept largely to himself through the first years of his presidency while he focused on other priorities like turning the economy around, expanding government-subsidized health care and avoiding electoral land mines en route to re-election.
After securing a second term, Mr. Obama appeared more emboldened. Just a month after his 2013 inauguration, he talked passionately about opportunity and race with a group of teenage boys in Chicago, a moment aides point to as perhaps the first time he had spoken about these issues in such a personal, powerful way as president. A few months later, he publicly lamented the death of Trayvon Martin, a black Florida teenager, saying that “could have been me 35 years ago.”
That case, along with public ruptures of anger over police shootings in Ferguson and elsewhere, have pushed the issue of race and law enforcement onto the public agenda. Aides said they imagined that with his presidency in its final stages, Mr. Obama might be thinking more about what comes next and causes he can advance as a private citizen.
That is not to say that his public discussion of these issues has been universally welcomed. Some conservatives said he had made matters worse by seeming in their view to blame police officers in some of the disputed cases.
“President Obama, when he was elected, could have been a unifying leader,” Senator Ted Cruz of Texas, a Republican candidate for president, said at a forum last week. “He has made decisions that I think have inflamed racial tensions.”
On the other side of the ideological spectrum, some liberal African-American activists have complained that Mr. Obama has not done enough to help downtrodden communities. While he is speaking out more, these critics argue, he has hardly used the power of the presidency to make the sort of radical change they say is necessary.
The line Mr. Obama has tried to straddle has been a serrated one. He condemns police brutality as he defends most officers as honorable. He condemns “criminals and thugs” who looted in Baltimore while expressing empathy with those trapped in a cycle of poverty and hopelessness.
In the Bronx on Monday, Mr. Obama bemoaned the death of Brian Moore, a plainclothes New York police officer who had died earlier in the day after being shot in the head Saturday on a Queens street. Most police officers are “good and honest and fair and care deeply about their communities,” even as they put their lives on the line, Mr. Obama said.
“Which is why in addressing the issues in Baltimore or Ferguson or New York, the point I made was that if we’re just looking at policing, we’re looking at it too narrowly,” he added. “If we ask the police to simply contain and control problems that we ourselves have been unwilling to invest and solve, that’s not fair to the communities, it’s not fair to the police.”
Moreover, if society writes off some people, he said, “that’s not the kind of country I want to live in; that’s not what America is about.”
His message to young men like Malachi Hernandez, who attends Boston Latin Academy in Massachusetts, is not to give up.
“I want you to know you matter,” he said. “You matter to us.”